primary human bone marrow-derived mscs (bm-msc) pt-2501 (Lonza)
Structured Review

Primary Human Bone Marrow Derived Mscs (Bm Msc) Pt 2501, supplied by Lonza, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/primary+human+bone+marrow-derived+mscs/human+mscs/pmc11773150-34-4-9
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
Images
1) Product Images from "Increasing robustness of in vitro assay for immnosuppressive effect of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: The role of inflammatory cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells"
Article Title: Increasing robustness of in vitro assay for immnosuppressive effect of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: The role of inflammatory cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Journal: Regenerative Therapy
doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.12.016
Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of different donor-derived human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on the in vitro immunomodulatory response of bone marrow (BM)- mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (a) Schematic of the protocol for lymphocyte proliferation assays with mitogen as an immunomodulatory potency assay for MSCs. (b) Proliferation of 10 donor-derived PBMCs upon phytohemagglutinin (PHA; 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 μg/mL) stimulation was assessed through BrdU uptake. BrdU uptake was indicated by luminescence signal (counts per second, CPS). Two-way ANOVA showed that PBMCs proliferation was significantly affected by the stimulating PHA concentration, the presence or absence of MSCs, and their interaction (p < 0.0001). All values indicate the mean ± standard deviation of mean of three biological replicates (n = 3) (∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001, two-way analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test). (c) Effect of PBMCs derived from 10 donors on the in vitro immunomodulatory response of BM-MSCs. The rate of suppression by BM-MSCs on PBMC proliferation stimulated with three PHA concentrations (0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 μg/mL) is shown as the immunosuppression rate; CPS(PBMC + MSC)/CPS(PBMC).
Techniques Used: Derivative Assay, In Vitro, Potency Assay, Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation, Comparison
Figure Legend Snippet: Relationship between the production of cytokines by PHA-stimulated PBMCs and the suppression rate of PBMC proliferation by MSCs in the immunomodulatory potency assay. Spearman correlation analysis between the concentration of each cytokine in the culture supernatant when PBMCs were stimulated with 1.0 μg/mL PHA and the rate of proliferation inhibition by BM-MSCs in the immunomodulatory potency assay is shown with linear regression lines and their 95 % confidential intervals. r, correlation coefficient.
Techniques Used: Potency Assay, Concentration Assay, Inhibition
Figure Legend Snippet: Inter-test variability in the rate of proliferation inhibition of PBMCs by repeated one-way MLR assay.
Techniques Used: Inhibition, Mlr Assay
Figure Legend Snippet: Figure summarizing the flow of the reversed effects of MSCs depending on the cytokine production concentration of PHA-stimulated PBMCs in the immunomodulatory potency assay. The illustration of MSC in the figure was done using BioRender: scientific image and illustration software.
Techniques Used: Concentration Assay, Potency Assay, Software
Related Articles
Concentration Assay:Article Title: Effects of organophosphates on the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Article Snippet: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located within various adult tissues.. Recent literature has reported that human bone marrow-derived MSCs express active acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and that disruption of AChE activity by organophosphate (OP) chemicals decreases the ability of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts.. The potential role of AChE in regulating MSC proliferation and differentiation is currently unknown. Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells. Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Midazolam inhibits chondrogenesis via peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in human mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: We also purchased primary human bone marrow‐derived Article Title: Multiple Myeloma-Derived Exosomes Regulate the Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partially via Modulating miR-21 and miR-146a Article Snippet: Article Title: Role of Microtubules in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on 3D Nanofibrous Scaffolds. Article Snippet: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured on three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous scaffolds are known to undergo osteogenic differentiation even in the absence of soluble osteoinductive factors.. While this process of differentiation has been attributed to the shape that cells assume on the fibrous scaffolds, it is unclear how constriction of cell shape would contribute to the differentiation phenotype.. Here, we quantitatively compared cell and nuclear morphologies of cells cultured on 3D poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers (NF) and two-dimensional (2D) flat films using confocal fluorescence microscopy. MTT Assay:Article Title: Effects of organophosphates on the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Article Snippet: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located within various adult tissues.. Recent literature has reported that human bone marrow-derived MSCs express active acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and that disruption of AChE activity by organophosphate (OP) chemicals decreases the ability of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts.. The potential role of AChE in regulating MSC proliferation and differentiation is currently unknown. Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells. Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Midazolam inhibits chondrogenesis via peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in human mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: We also purchased primary human bone marrow‐derived Article Title: Multiple Myeloma-Derived Exosomes Regulate the Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partially via Modulating miR-21 and miR-146a Article Snippet: Article Title: Role of Microtubules in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on 3D Nanofibrous Scaffolds. Article Snippet: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured on three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous scaffolds are known to undergo osteogenic differentiation even in the absence of soluble osteoinductive factors.. While this process of differentiation has been attributed to the shape that cells assume on the fibrous scaffolds, it is unclear how constriction of cell shape would contribute to the differentiation phenotype.. Here, we quantitatively compared cell and nuclear morphologies of cells cultured on 3D poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers (NF) and two-dimensional (2D) flat films using confocal fluorescence microscopy. CCK-8 Assay:Article Title: Effects of organophosphates on the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Article Snippet: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located within various adult tissues.. Recent literature has reported that human bone marrow-derived MSCs express active acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and that disruption of AChE activity by organophosphate (OP) chemicals decreases the ability of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts.. The potential role of AChE in regulating MSC proliferation and differentiation is currently unknown. Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells. Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Midazolam inhibits chondrogenesis via peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in human mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: We also purchased primary human bone marrow‐derived Article Title: Multiple Myeloma-Derived Exosomes Regulate the Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partially via Modulating miR-21 and miR-146a Article Snippet: Article Title: Role of Microtubules in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on 3D Nanofibrous Scaffolds. Article Snippet: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured on three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous scaffolds are known to undergo osteogenic differentiation even in the absence of soluble osteoinductive factors.. While this process of differentiation has been attributed to the shape that cells assume on the fibrous scaffolds, it is unclear how constriction of cell shape would contribute to the differentiation phenotype.. Here, we quantitatively compared cell and nuclear morphologies of cells cultured on 3D poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers (NF) and two-dimensional (2D) flat films using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Cell Counting:Article Title: Effects of organophosphates on the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Article Snippet: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located within various adult tissues.. Recent literature has reported that human bone marrow-derived MSCs express active acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and that disruption of AChE activity by organophosphate (OP) chemicals decreases the ability of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts.. The potential role of AChE in regulating MSC proliferation and differentiation is currently unknown. Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells. Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Midazolam inhibits chondrogenesis via peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in human mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: We also purchased primary human bone marrow‐derived Article Title: Multiple Myeloma-Derived Exosomes Regulate the Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partially via Modulating miR-21 and miR-146a Article Snippet: Article Title: Role of Microtubules in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on 3D Nanofibrous Scaffolds. Article Snippet: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured on three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous scaffolds are known to undergo osteogenic differentiation even in the absence of soluble osteoinductive factors.. While this process of differentiation has been attributed to the shape that cells assume on the fibrous scaffolds, it is unclear how constriction of cell shape would contribute to the differentiation phenotype.. Here, we quantitatively compared cell and nuclear morphologies of cells cultured on 3D poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers (NF) and two-dimensional (2D) flat films using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Cell Culture:Article Title: Effects of organophosphates on the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Article Snippet: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located within various adult tissues.. Recent literature has reported that human bone marrow-derived MSCs express active acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and that disruption of AChE activity by organophosphate (OP) chemicals decreases the ability of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts.. The potential role of AChE in regulating MSC proliferation and differentiation is currently unknown. Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells. Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Midazolam inhibits chondrogenesis via peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in human mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: We also purchased primary human bone marrow‐derived Article Title: Multiple Myeloma-Derived Exosomes Regulate the Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partially via Modulating miR-21 and miR-146a Article Snippet: Article Title: Role of Microtubules in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on 3D Nanofibrous Scaffolds. Article Snippet: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured on three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous scaffolds are known to undergo osteogenic differentiation even in the absence of soluble osteoinductive factors.. While this process of differentiation has been attributed to the shape that cells assume on the fibrous scaffolds, it is unclear how constriction of cell shape would contribute to the differentiation phenotype.. Here, we quantitatively compared cell and nuclear morphologies of cells cultured on 3D poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers (NF) and two-dimensional (2D) flat films using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Activity Assay:Article Title: Effects of organophosphates on the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Article Snippet: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located within various adult tissues.. Recent literature has reported that human bone marrow-derived MSCs express active acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and that disruption of AChE activity by organophosphate (OP) chemicals decreases the ability of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts.. The potential role of AChE in regulating MSC proliferation and differentiation is currently unknown. Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells. Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Midazolam inhibits chondrogenesis via peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in human mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: We also purchased primary human bone marrow‐derived Article Title: Multiple Myeloma-Derived Exosomes Regulate the Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partially via Modulating miR-21 and miR-146a Article Snippet: Article Title: Role of Microtubules in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on 3D Nanofibrous Scaffolds. Article Snippet: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured on three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous scaffolds are known to undergo osteogenic differentiation even in the absence of soluble osteoinductive factors.. While this process of differentiation has been attributed to the shape that cells assume on the fibrous scaffolds, it is unclear how constriction of cell shape would contribute to the differentiation phenotype.. Here, we quantitatively compared cell and nuclear morphologies of cells cultured on 3D poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers (NF) and two-dimensional (2D) flat films using confocal fluorescence microscopy. AChE Assay:Article Title: Effects of organophosphates on the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Article Snippet: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located within various adult tissues.. Recent literature has reported that human bone marrow-derived MSCs express active acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and that disruption of AChE activity by organophosphate (OP) chemicals decreases the ability of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts.. The potential role of AChE in regulating MSC proliferation and differentiation is currently unknown. Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells. Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Midazolam inhibits chondrogenesis via peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in human mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: We also purchased primary human bone marrow‐derived Article Title: Multiple Myeloma-Derived Exosomes Regulate the Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partially via Modulating miR-21 and miR-146a Article Snippet: Article Title: Role of Microtubules in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on 3D Nanofibrous Scaffolds. Article Snippet: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured on three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous scaffolds are known to undergo osteogenic differentiation even in the absence of soluble osteoinductive factors.. While this process of differentiation has been attributed to the shape that cells assume on the fibrous scaffolds, it is unclear how constriction of cell shape would contribute to the differentiation phenotype.. Here, we quantitatively compared cell and nuclear morphologies of cells cultured on 3D poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers (NF) and two-dimensional (2D) flat films using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Radio Immunoprecipitation:Article Title: Effects of organophosphates on the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Article Snippet: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located within various adult tissues.. Recent literature has reported that human bone marrow-derived MSCs express active acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and that disruption of AChE activity by organophosphate (OP) chemicals decreases the ability of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts.. The potential role of AChE in regulating MSC proliferation and differentiation is currently unknown. Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells. Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Midazolam inhibits chondrogenesis via peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in human mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: We also purchased primary human bone marrow‐derived Article Title: Multiple Myeloma-Derived Exosomes Regulate the Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partially via Modulating miR-21 and miR-146a Article Snippet: Article Title: Role of Microtubules in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on 3D Nanofibrous Scaffolds. Article Snippet: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured on three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous scaffolds are known to undergo osteogenic differentiation even in the absence of soluble osteoinductive factors.. While this process of differentiation has been attributed to the shape that cells assume on the fibrous scaffolds, it is unclear how constriction of cell shape would contribute to the differentiation phenotype.. Here, we quantitatively compared cell and nuclear morphologies of cells cultured on 3D poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers (NF) and two-dimensional (2D) flat films using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Protein Concentration:Article Title: Effects of organophosphates on the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Article Snippet: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located within various adult tissues.. Recent literature has reported that human bone marrow-derived MSCs express active acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and that disruption of AChE activity by organophosphate (OP) chemicals decreases the ability of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts.. The potential role of AChE in regulating MSC proliferation and differentiation is currently unknown. Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: The Effects of ROCK Inhibition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis Are Culture Model Dependent Article Snippet: Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells. Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: Primary human bone marrow-derived MSCs (Lonza Japan, Tokyo) at passage two were expanded with Article Title: Midazolam inhibits chondrogenesis via peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in human mesenchymal stem cells Article Snippet: We also purchased primary human bone marrow‐derived Article Title: Multiple Myeloma-Derived Exosomes Regulate the Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partially via Modulating miR-21 and miR-146a Article Snippet: Article Title: Role of Microtubules in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on 3D Nanofibrous Scaffolds. Article Snippet: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured on three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous scaffolds are known to undergo osteogenic differentiation even in the absence of soluble osteoinductive factors.. While this process of differentiation has been attributed to the shape that cells assume on the fibrous scaffolds, it is unclear how constriction of cell shape would contribute to the differentiation phenotype.. Here, we quantitatively compared cell and nuclear morphologies of cells cultured on 3D poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers (NF) and two-dimensional (2D) flat films using confocal fluorescence microscopy. |


![Fig. 1. Screening of cytokines and small molecules for LSEC differentiation. (A) The schematic representation of BM-MSC differentiation. (B) qPCR analysis of the expression levels of LYVE1 and CD36 in BM-MSC-derived cells. On the y-axis, the expression levels are shown as a relative value to those of <t>BM-MSCs.</t> All data are presented as mean ± SD (n ¼ 3). Significant differences were evaluated using a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post-hoc test (*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 compared with BFTc [BMP4, FGF8b, TGF-b inhibitor, and cAMP]). Abbreviations: B; BMP4, F; FGF8b, T; TGF-b signal inhibitor, c; cAMP.](https://pub-med-unpaywalled-images-cdn.bioz.com/pub_med_ids_ending_with_5681/pm37575681/pm37575681__page4_image1.jpg)